Antabuse (Disulfiram): instructions for use, dosage, composition. Online order

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The effectiveness of the drug Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism

Antabuse is a powerful enough remedy to combat alcoholism of various forms. The drug allows you to prevent relapses even in especially difficult situations, since it causes a fairly strong negative reaction of the body to alcoholic beverages.

It is strictly not recommended to carry out self-treatment, since Antabuse has a number of features and in some diseases, its use is prohibited at all.

If necessary, it can be replaced with complete analogs, differing in the form of release and method of treatment. The same pills for implantation are very popular, as they eliminate the need to follow the schedule and regimen.

It is worth noting that during the course of treatment, it is categorically not recommended to consume alcoholic beverages, except for those cases when it is necessary to undergo routine tests.

In other situations, there is a likelihood of consequences that are quite severe for the body. If complex symptoms appear, for example, mental disorders, the drug should be discontinued and a specialist should be consulted to adjust the dose or replace the medication.

It is impossible to replace the drug on your own, since various components can conflict with each other, leading to very different and unpredictable consequences.

How does Antabuse work?

As mentioned above, the main active ingredient of Antabuse is Disulfiram. This compound blocks the enzymes in the liver that are responsible for the breakdown of ethanol to carbon dioxide and water. Those. Due to the presence of Disulfiram in the blood, the body is physically unable to process alcohol, and any dose of alcohol will immediately lead to a rapid accumulation of aldehyde, which will cause nausea and vomiting, fever will begin, pressure will rise, temperature will rise, pain will appear throughout the body.

If you take a large dose of alcohol, you may experience convulsions, partial loss of hearing, vision, and respiratory failure. In general, Antabuse has such properties that its action is very similar to a heavy hangover. But it does not come in the morning, but immediately after taking alcohol, but the person will not feel drunk. That is why Antabuse tablets so effectively treat alcohol dependence, because they form a dislike for alcohol, a person dramatically changes his attitude to alcoholic beverages.

What to buy to combat addiction?

There are several coding options: tablets, intramuscular gel administration, intravenous administration, sewing in capsules.

In the case of Antabuse, we have only two forms: Antabuse tablets and a gel for intramuscular injection. It is important to understand here: tablets are suitable for coding ONLY if the patient is fully aware of his dependence on alcohol, and he himself wants to get rid of it, if the patient does not mind drinking the recommended dose of the drug every day.

Otherwise, if a person wants to drink alcohol again, he simply will not take another dose of the drug, he will wait a few days and again be able to enjoy alcohol. If the risk of this behavior is high, it is better to choose injections or a filing. Doctors will help you with the choice.

If you decide to buy Antabuse in the form of tablets, you need to contact the doctors not only for the dosage, but also because Antabuse provides a very wide range of contraindications and adverse reactions.

Antabuse is a drug that, in combination with ethyl alcohol, causes the following negative effects: nausea, vomiting, flushing, tachycardia, hypotension, etc.

Drinking alcohol after taking it is extremely unpleasant, which forms a conditioned reflex aversion to the smell and taste of alcoholic beverages.

Release form and composition

Dosage form of the drug Antabuse: effervescent tablets of almost white or white color, round, flat, with beveled edges.

Dose 0.2 g: one side is separated by a line with markings on the sides "CD" | "C" (100 pcs. In high density polyethylene containers / dark glass bottles with a polyethylene lid, 1 container / bottle in a cardboard box).

Dose 0.4 g: on one side of the tablet there is a cruciform mark, dividing the tablet into four equal parts. The tablet is marked "CJ" (50 pcs. In high density polyethylene containers / dark glass bottles with a polyethylene cap, 1 container / bottle in a cardboard box).

1 effervescent tablet contains:

1. Active ingredient: disulfiram - 0.2 g or 0.4 g;

2. Auxiliary components: povidone, corn starch, tartaric acid, talc, magnesium stearate, sodium bicarbonate, colloidal silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose.

Indications for use

The drug Antabuse is indicated for the treatment and prevention of recurrence of chronic alcoholism.

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications:

1. Severe pathologies of the cardiovascular system, including uncompensated heart failure and coronary circulation disorders such as arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease;

2. Severe organic brain damage, history of stroke;

3. Renal failure of severe degree;

4. Neuropsychiatric disorders, including psychoses, risks of suicidal attempts, severe pathologies related to personality disorder;

5. Severe liver dysfunctions with an excess of the upper limit of the normal activity of microsomal hepatic enzymes by 3 times or more, history of adverse reactions from the liver during previous therapy with disulfiram;

6. Alcohol intoxication or the use of ethanol-containing drugs or drinks within 24 hours before taking the drug;

7. Syndrome of drug dependence;

8. The period of pregnancy and lactation (insufficient data on the safety and efficacy of Antabuse in this category of patients);

9. Children and adolescents under 18 years of age (there are no data on the safety and effectiveness of the application);

10. Hypersensitivity to disulfiram or auxiliary components of the drug.

Relative contraindications:

Antabuse is used with caution in diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, signs of irreversible brain damage, renal failure, diseases of the respiratory system or liver, epilepsy or convulsive syndrome of any origin (the likelihood of a disulfiram-ethanol reaction is increased in a more severe degree), peripheral neuropathy, gastric ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer, optic neuritis, as well as in old age (after 60 years).

Method of administration and dosage

Antabuse effervescent tablet is taken orally, previously dissolved in water (1/2 cup). The drug is used only under medical supervision.

Therapy is prescribed after a thorough clinical examination of the patient and warning about abstinence from alcohol during treatment, as well as possible complications and consequences.

The drug is taken according to an individual scheme, determined by the attending physician, at the rate of 0.2-0.5 g 1-2 times a day.

After 7-10 days from the start of therapy, it is necessary to conduct a disulfiram-alcohol test. For this, the patient is given 20-30 ml of vodka after taking 0.5 g of the drug. If the reaction is weak, the dose of alcohol is increased to 30-50 ml (the maximum allowable dose of vodka is 100-120 ml).

After 1-2 days, the test is repeated in a hospital, after 3-5 days - on an outpatient basis, if necessary, adjust the dose of alcohol and / or the drug.

In the future, Antabuse is allowed to be used in a maintenance dose of 0.15-0.2 g / day for 1-3 years.

Side effects

Nonspecific side effects most often observed when taking Antabuse, which, among other things, may be associated with the underlying disease: headache, drowsiness, reactions from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). If they appear, it may be necessary to reduce the dose of the drug.

The frequency of undesirable reactions from organs and body systems:

1. Gastrointestinal tract: often - epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, metallic taste in the mouth, bad breath;

Frequency unknown - foul odor in colostomy patients due to carbon sulfide;

2. Hepatobiliary system: often - increased activity of liver enzymes (gamma-glutamyltransferase and transaminases);

Rarely, jaundice;

Very rarely - clinical symptoms of hepatotoxicity, liver cell damage, hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis due to extensive liver necrosis, which can result in liver failure, hepatic coma and death (these side effects usually occur during the first 8 weeks of therapy and are not dose-dependent);

3. Immune system: infrequently - allergic reactions;

Data from laboratory and instrumental studies: rarely - deviations of the results of liver function tests from normal values, including an increase in the concentration of bilirubin in the blood and an increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT);

4. Nervous system: often - taste perversion, drowsiness, headache;

Rarely - polyneuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis (smokers are most prone to its development), tremor, encephalopathy;

Very rarely - confusion, seizures, neurological disorders (most likely dose-dependent, usually occur several months after the start of treatment, are slowly reversible);

5. Psyche: often - mania, depression;

Rarely - psychotic reactions (schizophrenia, paranoia) (such disorders occur mainly in patients with a history of schizophrenia or depression, they are probably associated with an increase in dopamine levels as a result of inhibition of dopamine-β-hydroxylase by disulfiram);

Very rarely - acute organic brain syndrome, behavior disorders;

6. Genitals and mammary gland: infrequently - sexual dysfunction, decreased libido;

7. Skin and subcutaneous tissue: infrequently - allergic dermatitis, acne, pruritus, rash;

8. Other reactions: often - a subjective feeling of discomfort, drowsiness, fatigue.

Adverse reactions likely resulting from the combined use of disulfiram and ethanol:

1. Cardiovascular system: palpitations, tachycardia, shortness of breath, arrhythmias, dizziness, fainting;

2. Gastrointestinal tract: vomiting;

3. Musculoskeletal system: muscle spasm;

4. Nervous system: headache, drowsiness, lack of coordination, loss of consciousness;

5. Mind: apathy;

6. Skin and subcutaneous tissue: hyperhidrosis, flushing of the face;

7. Vessels: hypotension, cardiovascular collapse;

8. Other reactions: fatigue.

An overdose of an ethanol-disulfiram combination may result in cardiovascular collapse, depression of consciousness (up to coma), and neurological complications. In such a situation, symptomatic therapy is carried out.

Special instructions

Patients need to be warned about the dangers of a reaction intolerance to alcoholic beverages. With the simultaneous appointment of Antabuse with oral anticoagulants, more frequent monitoring of the content of prothrombin and correction of doses of anticoagulants is necessary, this is associated with an increased likelihood of bleeding.

Patients with hypothyroidism or renal insufficiency should take Disulfiram with caution, especially at the risk of its possible combination with alcohol. Adverse reactions caused by taking disulfiram (including fatigue and drowsiness) affect the speed of psychomotor reactions and the ability to concentrate.

In the event of the appearance of such conditions during the period of therapy with Antabuse, it is required to refrain from driving complex mechanisms and vehicles, including a car.

Drug interactions

Ascorbic acid reduces the reaction of disulfiram to ethanol. The combined use of Antabuse and alcohol (alcoholic beverages and medicines containing alcohol) is contraindicated, since this can cause intolerance reactions accompanied by flushing, erythema, vomiting, tachycardia.

Other undesirable and cautionary combinations with disulfiram:

1. Isoniazid: possible impairment of coordination and behavior;

2. Ornidazole, secnidazole, metronidazole, tinidazole (nitro-5-imidazole) - can cause confusion and delirious disorders;

3. Phenytoin: disulfiram suppresses its metabolism, as a result of which there is a rapid and significant rise in the level of phenytoin in plasma, accompanied by toxic symptoms;

4. Oral anticoagulants (including warfarin) - their effect and the risk of bleeding increase as a result of a decrease in decay in the liver (more frequent monitoring of the concentration and dose adjustment of anticoagulants is required, including within 8 days after disulfiram is discontinued);

5. Theophylline: its dose must be adjusted downward, depending on the plasma concentration and clinical symptoms (due to inhibition of theophylline metabolism by disulfiram);

6. Benzodiazepines: Antabuse is able to potentiate their sedative effect by inhibiting oxidative metabolism (especially diazepam and chlordiazepoxide), which requires dosage adjustment in accordance with the clinical picture;

7. Tricyclic antidepressants: there is a possibility of an increased ethanol intolerance reaction, especially in patients taking alcohol while on disulfiram therapy.

When the above combinations cannot be avoided, during therapy and after treatment with Antabuse, it is necessary to control the plasma concentrations of the drug and regular clinical observation of patients.

Analogs

Antabuse analogs are: Esperal, Livedin, Teturam.

Terms and conditions of storage

It is necessary to store the drug at a temperature not exceeding 30 °C. Keep out of the reach of children. The shelf life is 5 years.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

The drug is sold by prescription.

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